An increasingly frequent theme sounded in competition policy throughout the world’s developed economies is that public enterprises are engaged in anticompetitive behavior aimed at private enterprises. In the United States, government enterprises, such as the U.S. Postal Service and the Tennessee Valley Authority, and government-sponsored enterprises, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are the object of such scrutiny. That scrutiny, however, has produced no systematic response in antitrust or regulatory policy. This conference will feature presentations and a roundtable discussion on legal and economic principles relevant to assessing the competitive conduct of public enterprises.