Naoyuki Agawa is the dean of policy management at Keio University in Tokyo. Previously, he worked at Sony Corporation in Tokyo on international trade and copyright law. He joined the firm Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher in 1987 and worked for its Washington, D.C., and Tokyo offices through 1995. Continuing to practice law with the law firm of Nishimura & Partners in Tokyo, Mr. Agawa joined Keio University as a professor in 1999, teaching American constitutional law and history. He was appointed minister for public affairs at the Embassy of Japan in Washington, D.C., in August 2002 and served there until he returned to Keio in April 2005. He was elected and has served first as acting dean and then as dean of the faculty of policy management at Keio University since February 2007. Mr. Agawa has also taught Japanese and U.S. constitutional law and history at the University of Virginia School of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Elon University School of Law, Doshisha University, and Tokyo University. His publications include The Birth of an American Lawyer; To America with de Tocqueville; The Friendship on the Seas: The United States Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force; Have You Found America?; American History through the United States Constitution; and 2520 Massachusetts Avenue. Mr. Agawa received the Yomiuri-Yoshino Sakuzo Award in 2005. He is a frequent contributor to newspapers, such as Sankei, Yomiuri, and Mainichi, and journals, including Chuo Koron and Bungei Shunnjul.

Masahiro Akiyama is the current chairman of the Ocean Policy Research Foundation and a professor at the Graduate School of Social Design Studies at Rikkyo University in Japan. He joined the Ministry of Finance in 1964. During his time there, he took charge of budgetary planning and banking administration. In 1991, Mr. Akiyama was transferred to the Japan Defense Agency and afterward promoted successively to director general of the defense bureau and vice minister of national defense. In the course of the 1990s, he played pivotal roles in such assignments as the reaffirmation of the Japanese-U.S. alliance in post-Cold War years, the formulation of the National Defense Program Outline, the review of the Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation, and the realignment of U.S. military bases in Okinawa. Mr. Akiyama retired from the Japan Defense Agency in 1998. For two years, he was a visiting fellow at Harvard University and pursued research into the Japanese-U.S. alliance and maritime security issues. Since becoming chairman of the Ocean Policy Research Foundation in 2001, Mr. Akiyama has been at the vanguard of the foundation’s research efforts on a broad range of ocean-related issues. His foundation contributed to the enactment in 2007 of the Basic Ocean Law, the first comprehensive ocean-related law ever enacted in Japan.

Michael Auslin, AEI’s director of Japan studies, specializes in U.S.-East Asian relations, Asian maritime security, and Japanese foreign and security policy. Prior to joining AEI, Mr. Auslin was an associate professor of history and a senior research fellow at the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale University. He has been named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum, a Marshall Memorial Fellow by the German Marshall Fund, and a Fulbright and Japan Foundation Scholar. His writings on Japan and Japanese diplomacy include the books Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy and Japan Society: Celebrating a Century, 1907–2007, and the report Securing Freedom: The U.S.-Japanese Alliance in a New Era.

Dan Blumenthal joined AEI in November 2004 as a resident fellow in Asian studies. He has served on the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission since 2005, serving as vice chairman in 2007, and as a member of the Academic Advisory Board for the Congressional U.S.-China Working Group. Previously, Mr. Blumenthal was senior director for China, Taiwan, and Mongolia in the Office of the Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs during the first George W. Bush administration. In addition to writing for AEI’s Asian Outlook series, he has written articles and op-eds for the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, The Weekly Standard, National Review, and numerous edited volumes. He is currently working on a manuscript that will examine divides within the China policymaking community.

Wendi B. Carpenter is the commander of the Navy Warfare Development Command in Norfolk, Virginia. She began her career as the U.S. Navy’s first selectively retained graduate instructor pilot in the T-44 aircraft at VT-31, Naval Air Station (NAS) Corpus Christi, Texas. Following her tour as an instructor pilot, Rear Admiral Carpenter was ordered to sea duty at VQ-3, NAS Barbers Point, Hawaii, where she served as a mission commander, aircraft commander, and instructor pilot in the EC130F/G/Q aircraft. She deployed throughout the Pacific and the western United States and Alaska in support of the nation’s strategic nuclear triad. After completing a shore assignment at the Naval Military Personnel Command as an aviation junior officer assignments officer, Rear Admiral Carpenter left active duty and accepted a reserve commission in February 1985. She has accepted numerous recalls to active duty and has held four U.S. Navy reserve commands at the commander and captain levels. She has represented the United States in a number of coalition and NATO forums. Rear Admiral Carpenter’s awards include the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Legion of Merit (three awards), the Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal (five awards), the Navy Achievement Medal, and various unit awards.

Bernard Cole teaches courses on Sino-American relations and maritime strategy at the National War College. His primary research focuses are the Chinese military and Asian energy issues. Previously, Mr. Cole served for thirty years as a surface warfare officer in the U.S. Navy, all in the Pacific. He commanded a frigate, the USS Rathburne, and Destroyer Squadron 35. He also served as a naval gunfire liaison officer with the 3rd Marine Division in Vietnam, as a surface operations officer for Commander Task Force 70/77, and as a special assistant to the chief of naval operations for expeditionary warfare. He retired from the U.S. Navy as a captain. Mr. Cole has written numerous articles, book chapters, and five books: Gunboats and Marines: The U.S. Navy in China; The Great Wall at Sea: China’s Navy Enters the 21st Century; Oil for the Lamps of China: Beijing’s 21st Century Search for Energy; Taiwan’s Security: History and Prospects; and Sealanes and Pipelines: Energy Security in Asia.

Ralph Cossa is president of the Pacific Forum CSIS in Honolulu, Hawaii. He is also senior editor of the forum’s quarterly electronic journal, Comparative Connections. Mr. Cossa is a board member of the Council on U.S.-Korean Security Studies and the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, as well as a member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies and the ASEAN Regional Forum Experts and Eminent Persons Group. He is a founding member and current international cochair of the steering committee of the multinational Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific. He is a political/military affairs and national security specialist with more than thirty years of experience in formulating, articulating, and implementing U.S. security policy in the Asia-Pacific and Near East–South Asia regions. He writes a regular column for the Japan Times and the Korea Times and is a frequent contributor to the International Herald Tribune and other regional newspapers and periodicals. Mr. Cossa served in the U.S. Air Force from 1966 to 1993, achieving the rank of colonel and last serving as special assistant to the commander in chief, U.S. Pacific Command. He previously served as deputy director for strategic studies at the National Defense University’s Institute for National Strategic Studies and earlier as a national security affairs fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.

Thomas Donnelly is a resident fellow in defense and security policy studies at AEI. He is the author, with Frederick W. Kagan, of Ground Truth: The Future of U.S. Land Power (AEI Press, May 2008); the coeditor, with Gary J. Schmitt, of Of Men and Materiel: The Crisis in Military Resources (AEI Press, 2007); and the author of The Military We Need (AEI Press, 2005), Operation Iraqi Freedom: A Strategic Assessment (AEI Press, 2004), and several other books. From 1995 to 1999, he was policy group director and a professional staff member for the House Armed Services Committee. Mr. Donnelly also served as a member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. He is a former editor of Armed Forces Journal, Army Times, and Defense News.

Hideaki Kaneda is director and special research adviser at the Okazaki Institute and a member of the policy proposal committee at the Japan Forum for Strategic Study. He was a senior fellow at the Asia Center and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University for the last two years and a guest professor in policy management at Keio University in Tokyo for the last two and a half years. He is the author of many published books and articles about security in the Asia Pacific. Vice Admiral Kaneda served in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force from 1968 to 1999, primarily in naval surface warfare at sea, while in naval and joint plans and policymaking on shore. His career highlights include tours as commanding officer of the JDS Akigumo, chief of the plans and policy section of the Maritime Staff Office, commander of Escort Division 61, chief of staff of the commandant of the Maizuru District, commander of Escort Flotilla 4, director of the Joint Staff Office, and commander of the Fleet Escort Force.

James A. Kelly is a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and a former assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs. President George W. Bush nominated him on April 3, 2001; he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on April 26, 2001, and sworn in on May 1, 2001. From 1994 to 2001, Mr. Kelly was president of Pacific Forum CSIS in Honolulu. From 1989 to 1994, Mr. Kelly was president of EAP Associates in Honolulu, which provided international business consulting services with an Asia-Pacific focus to private clients. Earlier, he served at the White House as special assistant for national security affairs to President Ronald Reagan and as senior director for Asian affairs for the National Security Council from 1986 to 1989, under Presidents Reagan and George H. W. Bush. From 1983 to 1986, Mr. Kelly was at the Pentagon as deputy assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs (East Asia and the Pacific). He served in the U.S. Navy from 1959 to 1982, concluding his active duty as a captain in the Supply Corps.

Jeffrey A. Lemmons is the director of the U.S. Navy Directorate for International Engagement. He was designated a naval aviator in November 1980. He spent his early sea duty years with Patrol Squadron (VP) 23 home ported in Brunswick, Maine, and forward deployed to the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. He later reported to the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington, D.C., as a naval intern developing joint service personnel policy. Rear Admiral Lemmons received a reserve commission and reported to the Naval Air Facility in Washington, D.C., where he became the commanding officer of VP-68 in February 1996. Selected to flag rank, he was assigned as the commander of the Naval Air Force Reserve and also served as the vice commander of the Naval Air Forces at Naval Air Station North Island in San Diego. Rear Admiral Lemmons served with shipmates who together earned four Meritorious Unit Commendations, the Joint Meritorious Unit Commendation, the Coast Guard Unit Commendation, and two Battle “E” Awards for excellence. He is a member of the secretary of defense’s Reserve Forces Policy Board.

Thomas G. Mahnken is a visiting scholar at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at the Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. Between 2006 and 2009, he served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for policy planning. In that capacity, he advised the secretary of defense on strategy and planning. He previously taught as a professor of strategy at the Naval War College and served in the Defense Department’s Office of Net Assessment, where he conducted research into the emerging revolution in military affairs. He also served as a member of the Gulf War Air Power Survey, commissioned by the secretary of the U.S. Air Force to examine the performance of U.S. forces during the first war with Iraq. He is the author of Technology and the American Way of War since 1945 and the editor of the Journal of Strategic Studies.

Michael A. McDevitt is a vice president at the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA), a Washington, D.C., area nonprofit research and analysis company where he heads CNA Strategic Studies. He has been involved in U.S. security policy and strategy in the Asia Pacific for the last twenty years, in both government policy positions and, following his retirement from the U.S. Navy as a rear admiral, for the last decade as an analyst, author, and commentator. In his final active duty assignment, he was the commandant of the National War College. During his Navy career, he held four at-sea commands, including an aircraft carrier battle group. He was the director of the East Asia policy office for the secretary of defense during the George H. W. Bush administration. He also served for two years as the director for strategy, war plans, and policy for the U.S. commander in chief, Pacific Command. In addition to his responsibilities leading CNA Strategic Studies, he has been an active participant in conferences and workshops regarding security issues in East Asia and has had a number of papers published in edited volumes on this subject. His most recent research focus has been the maritime dimension of China’s national strategy.

Koji Murata is a professor of political science at Doshisha University in Kyoto. Mr. Murata’s specialties include the history of the U.S.-Japanese alliance, U.S. policy toward East Asia, and Japan’s foreign and defense policy. Mr. Murata has published many books in Japanese and articles and chapters both in Japanese and English. He is a frequent contributor to Japanese newspapers and magazines and a frequent television commentator. Mr. Murata has received various awards, including the Suntory Academic Award, the Yoshida Shigeru Award, the Shimizu Hiroshi Award from the Japan Association for American Studies, and the Yomiuri Merit Award for New Opinion Leadership.

Hiroyuki Nakahara is the managing director of the Research Institute for Ocean Economics, where he started his career as a researcher in 1967. He returned to the institute after completing graduate work in marine affairs and became chief researcher and then director of the research division before assuming his current role. He also serves on the board of directors of the Ocean Policy Research Foundation (OPRF), the Japan Hydrographic Association, and the Techno-Ocean Network in Japan. He is a professor at Yokohama National University and a part-time lecturer at the University of Tokyo and Tokai University. Mr. Nakahara’s recent contributions on marine policy issues include the making up of the “Grand Design for Ocean Policy in the 21st Century,” a proposal by Keidanren; a proposal for the Basic Ocean Law by Nippon Foundation; and a proposal for details of the Basic Ocean Law by OPRF. He has written many papers both in Japanese and English on ocean policy, ocean science, and technology, as well as ocean industry, including the annual white paper on ocean policy published by OPRF and in the Marine Technology Society Journal in 2004.

Ronald O’Rourke has worked as a naval analyst for the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress since 1984. He has written numerous reports for Congress on various issues relating to the U.S. Navy. He regularly briefs members of Congress and congressional staffers and has testified before congressional committees on several occasions. In 1996, Mr. O’Rourke received a Distinguished Service Award from the Library of Congress for his service to Congress on naval issues. He is the author of several journal articles on naval issues and a past winner of the U.S. Naval Institute’s Arleigh Burke essay contest. He has given presentations on Navy-related issues to a variety of audiences in government, industry, and academia.

Ashley J. Tellis is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, specializing in international security, defense, and Asian strategic issues. While on assignment to the U.S. Department of State as senior adviser to the under secretary of state for political affairs, he was intimately involved in negotiating the civil nuclear agreement with India. Previously, he was commissioned into the Foreign Service and served as a senior adviser to the ambassador at the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi. He also served on the National Security Council staff as a special assistant to the president and senior director for strategic planning and Southwest Asia. Prior to his government service, Mr. Tellis was a senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis at the RAND Graduate School. He is the author of India’s Emerging Nuclear Posture and coauthor of Interpreting China’s Grand Strategy: Past, Present, and Future. He is the research director of the Strategic Asia Program at the National Bureau of Asian Research and coeditor of the five most recent annual volumes, including this year’s Strategic Asia 2008–09: Challenges and Choices.

Daniel Twining is senior fellow for Asia at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF). During the George W. Bush administration, he served as a member of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice’s policy planning staff, with responsibility for South Asia and regional issues in East Asia. He previously worked for over a decade for Senator John McCain (R-Ariz.), including as his foreign policy adviser in the Senate. Mr. Twining has been the Fulbright/Oxford Scholar at Oxford University, a Transatlantic Fellow and director of foreign policy at GMF, and a staff member of the U.S. Trade Representative. His work on South and East Asia and U.S. foreign policy has been published in newspapers, magazines, and peer-reviewed academic journals in the United States, Europe, and Asia.

Captain Gordan Van Hook is senior director for innovation and concept development at Maersk Line, working out of their Arlington, Virginia, office, where he focuses on ways that U.S. maritime services can leverage commercial best practices and innovation. He recently retired from the U.S. Navy as a captain after twenty-nine years of service. In the Navy, Captain Van Hook had a broad and varied career, serving on various destroyers and frigates. He was the chief engineer on the USS Samuel B. Roberts when she struck a mine in the Persian Gulf in 1988 during the “Tanker War,” and he was awarded the Bronze Star with Combat V for his actions to save the ship, featured in two books: No Higher Honor, by Bradley Peniston, and Inside the Danger Zone, by Harold Wise. Captain Van Hook later commanded USS O’Bannon and served as the operations officer for the Fifth Fleet to launch Operation Enduring Freedom after 9/11. Captain Van Hook also commanded Destroyer Squadron 23 and served as sea combat commander for the Nimitz Strike Group. Ashore, he served as a program manager with the NATO C3 Agency, as the C4I cell director for the assistant chief of naval operations (CNO) for surface warfare, as the deputy director for maritime security cooperation, and as a senior fellow on the CNO Strategic Studies Group. In his final job in the Navy, he served as the executive director of the CNO Executive Panel, a group of thirty-two civilian leaders from government, industry, and academia that provides advice to the CNO on issues of strategy, policy, technology, and innovation.

Jan van Tol is a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Prior to his retirement from the U.S. Navy in 2007, Captain van Tol served as special adviser in the Office of the Vice President. He was a military assistant to Andrew W. Marshall, the secretary of defense’s principal adviser for net assessment from 1993 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2003. At sea, he commanded three warships, the last of which, USS Essex, was a major participant in post-tsunami relief efforts off Sumatra, Indonesia. Captain van Tol’s analytic work has focused mainly on long-range strategic planning, military innovation, and war-gaming.

Donald C. Winter served as the seventy-fourth secretary of the U.S. Navy from January 2006 to March 2009. As such, Mr. Winter led America’s Navy and Marine Corps Team and was responsible for an annual budget in excess of $125 billion and almost nine hundred thousand people. He was also responsible for all the affairs of the Department of the Navy, including recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping, training, mobilizing, and demobilizing. In addition, he oversaw the construction, outfitting, and repair of naval ships, equipment, and facilities. His office was also responsible for the formulation and implementation of naval policies and programs that are consistent with the national security policies and objectives established by the president and the secretary of defense. Prior to joining the George W. Bush administration, Mr. Winter served as a corporate vice president and president of Northrop Grumman’s Mission Systems sector. In that position, he oversaw operation of the business and its eighteen thousand employees, providing information technology systems and services; systems engineering and analysis; systems development and integration; scientific, engineering, and technical services; and enterprise management services. Mr. Winter also served on the company’s corporate policy council. Previously, he served as president and CEO of TRW Systems, vice president and deputy general manager for group development of TRW’s space and electronics business, and vice president and general manager of the defense systems division of TRW. In 2002, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

Hiroyuki Nakahara Presentation

Jan van Tol Presentation