"Elections” of this sort are never just about the outcomes.

Conversations with the new wave of Russia’s civil society opposition.

In the recent Duma elections, Russian voters made what to them seemed like rational choices based on their immediate experiences and current political attitudes.

The Moscow City Duma election of December 2005 yields clues to national trends in voter attitudes and how the parties should strategize in advance of the 2007 national elections.

Privatization of Russian urban and agricultural landoccurred within a bare-bones and flawed democracy, often against well-organized popular opposition.